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Archive for XHTML&CSS

IE在动态增加CSS时有bug

关键词:

IE, styleSheet.cssText, document.createElement('style')

用javascript脚本动态调整网页的CSS一般是这么做的
1.创建 style标签
2.填充css规则
3.插入head节点

这些都没有问题,网上查到的都是这么干的。但是在IE下,却有数量限制,如果不断重复上述1-3步,会发现最终IE会报错“Error: 无效的过程调用或参数”。

具体可以用这个代码来测试:

<html>
<head>

<script>

function add()
{

  var st = document.createElement('style');
  st.setAttribute('type','text/css');

  document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(st);

  st.styleSheet.cssText = ' body { background-color:red; } ';

}

</script>

</head>

<body>

<input type="button" value="Add Css" onclick="add()" />

</body>
</html>

不断点Add Css按钮,当点到60多下的时候就会脚本出错,在实际应用中根据css规则数量多少,可能不需要这么久就会出错。

测试了几个浏览器,只有IE有这个问题

当然有些浏览器没有styleSheet.cssText属性。需要用类似这样的代码:

var cssText = 'body{background-color:red;}';
var st = document.createElement('style');
st.setAttribute('type','text/css');
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(st);

if(st.styleSheet){
                st.styleSheet.cssText = cssText;
}else{
                st.appendChild(document.createTextNode(cssText));
}

如何绕开IE的这个古怪bug?

很简单,减少<style>标签的数量。
如果确实需要不断动态更新CSS怎么办?
也有办法,只用一个style标签来添加动态css规则,
每次添加前,把之前的<style>标签内容取出来,并删除该<style>标签,再把老的css规则和新的规则一起生成一个新的<style>插入head节点。

提醒,为了兼容大部分浏览器,一定要把style插入head节点,不要插入<body>节点中。


评论(2)

PHP+Tidy-完美的XHTML纠错+过滤

输入和输出

输入和输出应该说是很多网站的基本功能。用户输入数据,网站输出数据供其他人浏览。

拿目前流行的Blog为例,这里的输入输出就是作者编辑文章后生成博客文章页面供他人阅读。
这里有一个问题,即用户输入通常是不受控制的,它可能包含不正确的格式亦或者含有有安全隐患的代码;而最终网站输出的内容却必须是正确的HTML代码。这就需要对用户输入的内容进行纠错和过滤。

永远不要相信用户的输入

你可能会说:现在到处都是所见即所得的编辑器(WYSIWYG),FCKeditorTinyMCE...你可能会举出一大堆。是的,它们都可以自动生成标准的XHTML代码,但是作为web开发人员,你肯定听过"永远不要相信用户递交的数据"。

因此对用户输入数据进行纠错和过滤是必需的。

需要更好的纠错和过滤

目前为止我还没见过有让我满意的相关实现,能接触到的通常都是效率低下、效果不太理想,有这样那样的明显缺陷。举个比较知名的例子:WordPress是一种使用非常广泛的blog系统,操作简单功能强大且有丰富的插件支持,但是它集成的TinyMCE和后台一堆有些自作聪明的纠错过滤代码却令人相当头痛,对半角字符的强制替换,过于保守的替换规则等等.....导致像贴一段代码让它正确显示这种需求都很难做到。

这里顺便抱怨一下,这个blog是用WordPress架的,为了让这几篇文章能正确显示代码,网上搜了很多也试用了一些插件,最终还是翻了它的代码把一些过滤规则注释掉才勉强可以显示得体面一点 -.-b

当然,我不想过多的指责它(wordpress),只是想说明它还可以做的更好。

Tidy是什么,它如何工作?

摘自Tidy ManPage的说明这样描述:

Tidy reads HTML, XHTML and XML files and writes cleaned up markup. For HTML variants, it detects and corrects many common coding errors and strives to produce visually equivalent markup that is both W3C compliant and works on most browsers. A common use of Tidy is to convert plain HTML to XHTML. For generic XML files, Tidy is limited to correcting basic well-formedness errors and pretty printing.

简单说Tidy是清理HTML代码的,生成干净的符合W3C标准的HTML代码,支持HTML,XHTML,XML。Tidy提供一个库TidyLib,以方便在其他应用中利用Tidy的强大功能。非常幸运,PHP有相应的tidy模块可以使用。

老兄,为什么又是PHP?

呃,这个问题... 惭愧,因为我只会那么点PHP而已 -.-v
不过还好,我这里讲的都不是纯粹的代码,好歹也有些分析的过程,分享这些东西比贴代码有用多了。

PHP中使用Tidy

要在PHP中使用Tidy需要安装Tidy模块,也就是加载tidy.so这个PHP extension,具体过程就略了,纯粹是体力活。最后能在phpinfo()中看到"Tidy support enabled" 就OK。

在这个模块的支持下,PHP中就可以使用Tidy提供的几乎所有的功能。常用的HTML清理是异常轻松的事情,甚至可以生成文档的解析树,像在客户端操作DOM那样的操作HTML的各个Node。下面将会有具体的代码说明,也可以看看PHP官方的相关手册

纠错和过滤的PHP+Tidy实现

上面说了这么多背景素材,似乎太罗唆了,具体的解决问题的代码才最最直接。

1. 简单的纠错实现

function HtmlFix($html)
{

  if(!function_exists('tidy_repair_string'))
    return $html;
  //use tidy to repair html code

  //repair
  $str = tidy_repair_string($html,
                   array('output-xhtml'=>true),
                   'utf8');
  //parse
  $str = tidy_parse_string($str,
                  array('output-xhtml'=>true),
                  'utf8');
  $s = '';

  $nodes = @tidy_get_body($str)->child;

  if(!is_array($nodes)){
    $returnVal = 0;
    return $s;
  }

  foreach($nodes as $n){
    $s .= $n->value;
  }
  return $s;
}

上面的代码就是对可能不规范的XHTML代码进行清理纠错,输出标准的XHTML代码(输入输出都是UTF-8编码)。实现代码不是最精简的,因为为了配合下面的过滤功能,我写的尽可能细致了一些。

2. 高级实现: 纠错+过滤

功能:

  1. XHTML的纠错,输出标准的XHTML代码。
  2. 过滤不安全的代码但是不影响内容展示,只是对style/javascript中不安全代码进行清除。
  3. 对超长字符串插入<wbr>标记以实现浏览器兼容的自动换行功能,相关文章可参考网页中超长文字的断行问题
function HtmlFixSafe($html)
{

  if(!function_exists('tidy_repair_string'))
    return $html;
  //use tidy to repair html code

  // tidy 的参数设定
  $conf = array(
                'output-xhtml'=>true
                ,'drop-empty-paras'=>FALSE
                ,'join-classes'=>TRUE
                ,'show-body-only'=>TRUE
                );

 //repair
  $str = tidy_repair_string($html,$conf,'utf8');
  //生成解析树
  $str = tidy_parse_string($str,$conf,'utf8');

  $s ='';

  //得到body节点
  $body = @tidy_get_body($str);

  //函数 _dumpnode,检查每个节点,过滤后输出
  function _dumpnode($node,&$s){

   //查看节点名,如果是<script> 和<style>就直接清除
    switch($node->name){
    case 'script':
    case 'style':
      return;
      break;
    default:
    }

    if($node->type == TIDY_NODETYPE_TEXT){
      /*
       如果该节点内是文字,做额外的处理:
       过长文字的自动换行问题;
       超链接的自动识别(未实现)
      */
      // insert <wbr>
      $s .= HtmlInsertWbrs($node->value,30,'','&?/\');

      // auto links ??? *** TODO ***
      return;
    }

   //不是文字节点,那么处理标签和它的属性
    $s .= '<'.$node->name;

    //检查每个属性
    if($node->attribute){
      foreach($node->attribute as $name=>$value){

        /*
         清理一些DOM事件,通常是on开头的,
         比如onclick onmouseover等....
         或者属性值有javascript:字样的,
         比如href="javascript:"的也被清除.
         */
        if(strpos($name,'on') === 0
        ||
        stripos(trim($value),'javascript:') ===0
        ){
          continue;
        }

       //保留安全的属性
        $s .= ' '.$name.'="'.HtmlEscape($value).'"';

      }
    }

   //递归检查该节点下的子节点
    if($node->child){

      $s .= '>';

      foreach($node->child as $child){
        _dumpnode($child,$s);
      }

      //子节点处理完毕,闭合标签
      $s .= '</'.$node->name.'>';
    }else{

      /*
       已经没有子节点了,将标签闭合
      (事实上也可以考虑直接删除掉空的节点)
      */
      if($node->type == TIDY_NODETYPE_START)
        $s .= '></'.$node->name.'>';
      else
        /*
          对非配对标签,比如<hr/> <br/> <img/>等
          直接以 />闭合之
          */
        $s .= '/>';
    }
  }
   //函数定义end

  //通过上面的函数 对 body节点开始过滤。
  if($body->child){

    foreach($body->child as $child)
      _dumpnode($child,$s);
  }else
    return '';

  return $s;
}

上面代码中注释应该比较详细,工作原理就配合代码看吧。
更严格的过滤也很容易扩展,比如实现文中的链接自动识别。


一点补充

如果你看过我之前写的网页中超长文字的断行问题,你可能发现上面代码中处理自动换行的函数有所不同:

之前介绍的是HtmlEscapeInsertWbrs(),而上面使用的是HtmlInsertWbrs()。

这里要做一下解释:
HtmlEscapeInsertWbrs()要求输入的字符串未作特殊字符转义的,也就是没有经过htmlspecialchars()对<>&等作&lt;&gt;&amp;处理的。因为函数内部有专门的处理。
而在处理经Tidy处理过后的文字节点的时候,因为Tidy的关系,已经自动把<>&等字符作相应的&lt;&gt;&amp;转义,因此需要用一个专门的函数避免重复的转义,这个函数就是HtmlInsertWbrs(),从名字上就知道它只插入<wbr>标记,不做额外工作。

那么你可能有个问题:
如果<wbr>被插入到HTML标签中间,比如在<div>或者&gt;的中间插入了<wbr>,变成<d<wbr>iv>和&<wbr>gt;,那就会影响到原始信息的展示。

没错,的确是个新问题,不过使用一些技巧就可以有效解决

  1. 因为我们处理的是Tidy得到的文字节点,意味着不可能碰到HTML标签,因此不会碰到在标签中间插入<wbr>的情况。
  2. 对于第二种情况,转义后的字符都是&xxxxx;这样的形式,那么只要在1所有&符号前面都插入<wbr>标记就可以了(注意看调用时的第四个参数),因为下一个<wbr>标记将会插在30(以上面代码中实际调用的第二个参数为例)个字符之后,这个已经2远远大于xxxxx的长度。这样由上面1、2两点可以保证不会插到转义字符的中间。

下面给出HtmlInsertWbrs()的PHP实现:

function HtmlInsertWbrs($str, $n=10,
         $chars_to_break_after='',$chars_to_break_before='')
{
    $out = '';
    $strpos = 0;
    $spc = 0;
    $len = mb_strlen($str,'UTF-8');
    for ($i = 1; $i < $len; ++$i) {
      $prev_char = mb_substr($str,$i-1,1,'UTF-8');
      $next_char = mb_substr($str,$i,1,'UTF-8');
      if (_u_IsSpace($next_char)) {
        $spc = $i;
      } else {
        if ($i - $spc == $n
            ||
           mb_strpos( $chars_to_break_after,
                      $prev_char,0,'UTF-8' )
                   !== FALSE
            ||
           mb_strpos( $chars_to_break_before,
                      $next_char,0,'UTF-8')
                   !== FALSE
         ) {
            $out .= mb_substr($str,$strpos,
                    $i-$strpos,'UTF-8')
                 . '<wbr>';
            $strpos = $i;
            $spc = $i;
          }
      }
    }
    $out .= mb_substr($str,$strpos,$len-$strpos,'UTF-8');
    return $out;
}

...
Ok,先写这么多,相关的资料在文中都有链接。
下次想到再补充。

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CSS样式优先级

(转自水木清华)

以前看书做的笔记:

specificity表示了一个样式使用时的优先级
CSS2用3位表示一个样式的specificity
CSS2.1用4位
四条规则:
每个ID选择符,加 0,1,0,0
每个class选择符,每个属性选择符,或者每个伪类,加0,0,1,0
每个元素和伪元素,加0,0,0,1
其他选择符包括全局选择符*都没有加成效果,但它们有specificity,0,0,0,0
一些例子:

h1 {color: red;}  /* 0,0,0,1 */
body h1 {color: green;}  /* 0,0,0,2  (winner)*/

h2.grape {color: purple;}  /* 0,0,1,1 (winner) */
h2 {color: silver;}  /* 0,0,0,1 */

html > body table tr[id="totals"] td ul > li {color: maroon;}  /* 0,0,1,7 */
li#answer {color: navy;}  /* 0,1,0,1  (winner) */

文内的样式specificity为1,0,0,0 始终高于外部定义
特别的,如果一个样式特别重要,可使用!important,它优先于所有其他specificity。
如果!important也发生了冲突,则参考specificity的比较结果,如果specificity冲突则按先后顺序。

关于继承Inheritance
body的background样式可以向上传递给html元素,这是继承的一个例外。
绝大多数盒模型相关属性都不继承,比如margin,padding,background,border等

继承没有specificity,所以继承的优先级低于比如甚至全局选择符的优先级

注:
这篇文章是水木社区上一位朋友发的帖子,并非出自我手。我尽量写一些自己的心得,有些我收藏的比较价值的东西,并且网上一搜结果并不是很泛滥的东西我也会贴些上来的。

跟这个主题相关的还有一些文章可以参考
CSS的优先权
CSS样式的优先级补遗2

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